Journal articles

Ellis B, White C, Swan L (2023). Degradation of lithium-ion batteries that are simultaneously servicing energy arbitrage and frequency regulation markets. Journal of Energy Storage (Elsevier), Vol. 66, 107409.
Pearre N, Swan L (2023). Adding wind power to a wind-rich grid: Evaluating secondary suitability metrics. Wind Energy (Wiley), DOI: 10.1002/we.2809.
White C, Swan L (2023). Pack-level performance of electric vehicle batteries in second-life electricity grid energy services. Journal of Energy Storage (Elsevier), Vol. 57, 106265.
Pearre N, Swan L, Burbidge E, Balloch S, Horrocks L, Piper B, Anctil J (2022). Regional electric vehicle fast charging network design using common public data. World Electric Vehicle Journal (MDPI), 13, No. 11: 212.
Pearre N, Swan L (2022). Observational evaluation of the maximum practical utilization of electric vehicle DCFC infrastructure. World Electric Vehicle Journal (MDPI), 13, No. 10: 190.
Theuerkauf D, Swan L (2022). Characteristics of open circuit voltage relaxation in lithium-ion batteries for the purpose of state of charge and state of health analysis. Batteries (MDPI), 8, No. 8: 77.
Ellis B, Pearre N, Swan L (2021). Power ramp rates and variability of individual and aggregate photovoltaic systems using measured production data at the municipal scale. Solar Energy (Elsevier), Vo. 220, Pg. 363-370.
Cook R, Swan L, Plucknett K (2021). Impact of test conditions while screening lithium-ion batteries for capacity degradation in low Earth orbit CubeSat space applications. Batteries (MDPI), 7, No. 1: 20.
White C, Thompson B, Swan L (2021). Comparative performance study of electric vehicle batteries repurposed for electricity grid energy arbitrage. Applied Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 288, 116637.
Shah K, George D, Swan L, Pearce JM (2021). Performance and analysis of retail store-centered microgrids with solar photovoltaic parking lot, cogeneration and battery based hybrid systems. Engineering Reports (Wiley), e12418.
Elliott M, Swan L, Dubarry M, Bauer G (2020). Degradation of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries in electricity grid services. Journal of Energy Storage (Elsevier), Vol. 32, 101873.
Cook R, Swan L, Plucknett K (2020). Failure mode analysis of lithium ion batteries operated for low earth orbit CubeSat applications. Journal of Energy Storage (Elsevier), Vol. 31, 101561.
White C, Thompson B, Swan L (2020). Repurposed electric vehicle battery performance in second-life electricity grid frequency regulation service. Journal of Energy Storage (Elsevier), Vol. 28, 101278.
Pearre N, Swan L (2020). Combining wind, solar, and in-stream tidal electricity generation with energy storage using a load-perturbation control strategy. Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 203, 117898.
Pearre N, Swan L (2020). Reimagining Renewable Electricity Grid Management with Dispatchable Generation to Stabilize Energy Storage. Sustainable Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 203, 117917.
Pearre N, Adye K, Swan L (2019). Proportioning wind, solar, and in-stream tidal electricity generating capacity to co-optimize multiple grid integration metrics. Applied Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 242, Pg. 69-77.
Pearre N, Swan L (2018). Statistical approach for improved wind speed forecasting for wind power production. Sustainable Energy Technology Assessments (Elsevier), Vol. 27, Pg. 180-191.
Pearre N, Swan L (2018). Spatial and geographic heterogeneity of wind turbine farms for temporally decoupled power output. Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 145, Pg. 417-429.
Adye K, Pearre N, Swan L (2018). Contrasting distributed and centralized photovoltaic system performance using regionally distributed pyranometers. Solar Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 160, Pg. 1-9.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2018). Methodology to determine the impact of simplified building models on model-predictive-control morning start optimization performance. Science and Technology for the Built Environment (Taylor & Francis), Vol. 24, Pg. 779-792.
Hilliard T, Swan L, Qin Z (2017). Experimental implementation of whole building MPC with zone based thermal comfort adjustments. Building and Environment (Elsevier), Vol. 125, Pg. 336-338.
George D, Swan L (2017). A method for distinguishing appliance, lighting and plug load profiles from electricity ‘smart meter’ datasets. Energy and Buildings (Elsevier), Vol. 134, Pg. 212-222.
White C, Deveau J, Swan L (2016). Evolution of internal resistance during formation of flooded lead-acid batteries. Journal of Power Sources (Elsevier), Vol. 327, Pg. 160-170.
Pearre N, Swan L (2016). Electric vehicle charging to support renewable energy integration in a capacity constrained electricity grid. Energy Conversion and Management (Elsevier), Vol. 109, Pg. 130-139.
Hillard T, Swan L, Kavgic M, Qin Z, Lingras P (2016). Development of a whole building model predictive control strategy for a LEED silver community college. Energy and Buildings (Elsevier), Vol. 111, Pg. 224-232.
George D, Pearre N, Swan L (2015). High resolution measured domestic hot water consumption of Canadian homes. Energy and Buildings (Elsevier), Vol. 109, Pg. 304-315.
Hilliard T, Kavgic M, Swan L (2015). Model predictive control for commercial buildings: trends and opportunities. Advances in Building Energy Research (Taylor & Francis), Vol. 10, Pg. 172-190.
Deveau J, White C, Swan L (2015). Lead-acid battery response to various formation levels – Part B: Internal resistance. Sustainable Energy Technology Assessments (Elsevier), Vol. 11, Pg. 126-133.
Deveau J, White C, Swan L (2015). Lead-acid battery response to various formation levels – Part A: Recommended formation levels for off-grid solar and conventional applications. Sustainable Energy Technology Assessments (Elsevier), Vol. 11, Pg. 1-10.
Manchester S, Swan L (2015). Regenerative air energy storage for remote wind-diesel micro-grid communities. Applied Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 137, Pg. 490-500.
Pearre N, Swan L (2015). Technoeconomic feasibility of grid storage: mapping electrical services and energy storage technologies. Applied Energy (Elsevier), Vol 137, Pg. 501-510.
Nosrat A, Swan L, Pearce J (2014). Simulations of greenhouse gas emission reductions from low-cost hybrid solar photovoltaic and cogeneration systems for new communities. Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 49, Pg. 366-374.
Manchester S, Swan L (2013). Off-grid mobile phone charging: an experimental study. Energy for Sustainable Development (Elsevier), Vol. 17, Pg. 564-571.
Manchester S, Barzegar B, Swan L, Groulx D (2013). Energy storage requirements for in-stream tidal generation on a limited capacity electricity grid. Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 61, Pg. 283-290.
Pearre N, Swan LG (2013).An extensible electricity system model for high penetration rate renewable integration impact analysis. Journal of Energy Engineering (ASCE), Vol. 140(1), 04013003.
Pearre N, Swan LG (2013).Renewable electricity and energy storage to permit retirement of coal-fired generators in Nova Scotia. Sustainable Energy Technology Assessments (Elsevier), Vol. 1, Pg. 44-53.
Evarts J, Swan LG (2013).Domestic hot water consumption estimates for solar thermal system sizing. Energy and Buildings (Elsevier), Vol. 58, Pg. 58-65.
Nosrat A, Swan LG, Pearce J (2013).Improved performance of hybrid photovoltaic-trigeneration systems over photovoltaic-cogen systems including effects of battery storage. Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 49, Pg. 366-374.
Swan LG, Ugursal VI, Beausoleil-Morrison I (2013). Hybrid Residential End-Use Energy and GHG Emissions Model – Development and Verification for Canada. Journal of Building Performance Simulation (Taylor & Francis), Vol. 6, Pg. 1-23.
Leadbetter J, Swan LG (2012).Battery storage system for residential electricity peak demand shaving. Energy and Buildings (Elsevier), Vol. 55, Pg. 685-692.
Leadbetter J, Swan LG (2012).Selection of battery technology to support grid-integrated renewable electricity. Journal of Power Sources (Elsevier), Vol. 216, Pg. 376-386.
Swan LG, Ugursal VI, Beausoleil-Morrison I (2011). Occupant related household energy consumption in Canada: Estimation using a bottom-up neural-network technique. Energy and Buildings (Elsevier), Vol. 43, Pg. 326–337.
Swan LG, Allen PL (2010). Integrated solar pump design incorporating a brushless DC motor for use in a solar heating system. Renewable Energy (Elsevier), Vol. 35, Pg. 2015–2026.
Swan LG, Ugursal VI, Beausoleil-Morrison I (2009). A database of house descriptions representative of the Canadian housing stock for coupling to building energy performance simulation. Journal of Building Performance Simulation (Taylor & Francis), Vol. 2, Pg. 75–84.
Swan LG, Ugursal VI (2009). Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: a review of modeling techniques. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (Elsevier), Vol. 13, Pg. 1819–1835.

Intellectual property

Maps

Halifax Solar City Map – direct link to map HERE

Concepts

EnergyShed

Patents

Swan L, White C; Systems and Methods for Determining State-Of-Charge Using Tafel Slope. USA Patent 10,712,392 (July 14, 2020). Assigned to Charged Engineering Inc.

Swan L, White C, Deveau J; Method for Completing Formation of Lead-acid Batteries. USA Patent 10,838,014 (November 17, 2020). Assigned to Charged Engineering Inc.

Hilliard T, Swan L; Method and System for Controlling Space Thermal Comfort Using Air Temperature and Solar Radiation Measurements. USA Patent Pending: Application 62/529,593, Filed 7 Jul 2017. Assigned to Green Power Labs Inc.

Theses (PhD, MASc) and reports (MEng)

Cook R (2020). Lithium ion battery performance in low earth orbit satellite applications. MASc Thesis. Dalhousie University.
Elliott M (2020). Degradation of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries in electricity grid services. MASc Thesis. Dalhousie University.
Thompson B (2018). Repurposing Electric Vehicle Batteries in a Mixed Array for Grid Storage. MASc Thesis. Dalhousie University.
Hilliard T (2017). Whole building model predictive control with optimization for HVAC systems utilizing surface level weather forecasts. PhD Dissertation. Dalhousie University.
George D (2016). New profiles of occupancy driven appliance, lighting, plug loads and hot water use for residential sector energy demand modeling. MASc Thesis. Dalhousie University.
Evarts J (2016). EnergyShed framework: defining and designing the fundamental land unit of renewable energy. MES Thesis. Dalhousie University.
Ajlani H (2016). High resolution time-step analysis of wind, solar, and tidal generation to define their coincidence and suggest practical install base proportions. MEng Report. Dalhousie University.
White C (2015). Internal resistance as termination indicator during lead-acid battery formation. MASc Thesis. Dalhousie University.
Deveau J (2015). Lead-acid battery response to various formation levels and methods: determining the optimal formation level for off-grid solar applications. MASc Thesis. Dalhousie University.
Barzegar B (2014). Modeling and optimization of off-grid solar street lighting system. MASc Thesis. Dalhousie University.
Dheer R (2014). Residential battery energy storage system modelling and assessment using Matlab and Homer models. MEng Project Report. Dalhousie University.
Manchester S (2014). Regenerative air energy storage for renewable energy integration: system modeling and optimization. MASc Thesis. Dalhousie University.
Iormetti V (2012). Simulation of energy efficiency upgrades to the Canadian residential sector. MASc Thesis. Politecnico Di Torino (co-supervised and carried out at Dalhousie University).
Leadbetter J (2012). Residential battery energy storage systems for renewable energy integration and peak shaving. MASc Thesis. Dalhousie University.

Conference papers (selected)

Campbell B, Pearre N, Swan L (2020). Multi-objective Battery Energy Storage Control Modeling for Residences Within Utilities. eSim Building Simulation Conference, June 14-16 (2021), Victoria, BC, Canada.
Ellis B, Pearre N, Swan L (2020). Comparison of centralized and distributed photovoltaic system power intermittency based on measured data at the municipal scale. Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress, June 21-24, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
Cook R, Swan L (2020). Experimental analysis of lithium ion batteries for low earth orbit CubeSat applications. Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress, June 21-24, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
Pearre N, Kiefte D, Swan L (2020). Evaluating wind resources throughout the Maritimes for less costly electricity grid integration. Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress, June 21-24, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2017). A tool for evaluating the performance of simplified models for predictive control applications. Building Simulation Conference, August 7-9, San Francisco, USA.
George D, Swan L (2016). New profiles of occupancy driven appliance, lighting, and hot water use for residential sector energy demand modeling. Building Simulation & Optimisation Conference (BSO), September 12-14, Newcastle, England. This paper awarded third prize by the Scientific Committee.
Pearre N, Swan L (2016). Electric vehicle charging to support renewable energy integration in a capacity constrained electricity grid. Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS29), June 19-29, Montreal.
George D, Swan L (2016). A comparison of electricity ‘smart meter’ data with high resolution measured residential loads. eSim Building Simulation Conference, May 3-6, Hamilton.
Hilliard T, Swan L, Kavgic M, Qin Z, DeWolf S (2016).Using building simulation software to quantify the savings of a model predictive control implementation. eSim Building Simulation Conference, May 3-6, Hamilton.
Kavgic M, Hilliard T, Swan L (2016). Method for validation of statistical energy models. eSim Building Simulation Conference, May 3-6, Hamilton.
Kavgic M, Hilliard T, Swan L (2015). Opportunities for implementation of MPC in commercial buildings. International Building Physics Conference (IBPC), June 14-17, Italy.
Hilliard T, Swan L, Kavgic M, Qin Z (2015). Applying model predictive control to a LEED silver-certified building. International Building Physics Conference (IBPC), June 14-17, Italy.
Desgrosseilliers L, Groulx D, White MA, Swan L (2014). Thermodynamic evaluation of supercooled seasonal heat storage at the Drake Landing Solar Community. Eurotherm Conference: Seminar #99 Advances in Thermal Energy Storage, May 28-30, Spain.
Pearre N, Swan L (2014). High-resolution residential electricity consumption trends under fixed and time-of-use rates. eSim Building Simulation Conference, May 8-9, Ottawa.
Manchester S, Swan L, Groulx D (2013). Compressed air energy storage for in-stream tidal generation on a limited capacity electricity grid. European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC2013), September 2-5, Denmark.
Manchester S, Swan L (2013). Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage and Wind Energy for Time of Day Electricity Markets. Sustainable Energy Information Technology (SEIT), June 25-28, Halifax.
Manchester S, Barzegar B, Swan L, Groulx D (2012). Energy storage to accommodate in-stream tidal electricity generators on limited capacity distribution grids. Asian Wave and Tidal Conference (AWTEC), November 28-30, Jeju, Korea.
Leadbetter J, Swan L (2012). Residential peak electricity demand shaving using battery energy storage: modeling and experiments. Sustainable Energy Technologies, September 2-3, Vancouver.
Leadbetter J, Swan L (2012). Assessment of battery energy storage characteristics to perform residential peak demand shaving. eSim Building Simulation Conference, May 1-4, Halifax.
Baruch P, Swan L, Wettels N, Joseph A (2012). Large-scale self-tuning solid-state kinetic energy harvester. Ind Comm Appl Smart Structures, March 23, San Diego.
Swan L, Ugursal V & Beausoleil-Morrison I (2009). Implementation of a Canadian residential energy end-use model for assessing new technology impacts. Building Simulation, July 27–31, Glasgow.
Swan L, Ugursal V & Beausoleil-Morrison I (2009). A model for evaluating the thermal effects of windows on the Canadian housing stock. Solar Buildings, June 25–26, Toronto.
Swan L, Ugursal V & Beausoleil-Morrison I (2008). A new hybrid end-use energy and emissions model of the Canadian housing stock. Solar Buildings, August 20–22, Fredericton, Canada. pp. 109–116.
Swan L, Ugursal V & Beausoleil-Morrison I (2008). A new hybrid end-use energy and emissions model of the Canadian housing stock. Building Energy and Environment, July 13–16, Dalian, China.
Swan L, Ugursal V & Beausoleil-Morrison I (2008). Canadian housing stock database for building energy simulation. eSim Building Simulation Conference, May 20–22, Quebec City, Canada.

Industry reports (selected)

Pearre N, Swan L (2017). IntraProvincial coupling of wind energy resources and examination of preferred regions for additional wind energy development. For Nova Scotia Department of Energy. 40 pages.
Adye K, Pearre N, Swan L (2017). Correlations of wind, solar, and tidal generation with net electricity load. For Nova Scotia Department of Energy. 17 pages.
Swan L (2017). Molecular rebar investigation. For [redacted] Battery. 34 slides.
Adye K, Pearre N, Swan L (2017). Comparison of solar photovoltaic electricity output from small-scale distributed systems and large-scale centralized systems. For Nova Scotia Department of Energy. 29 pages.
Pearre N, Swan L (2017). Statistical observational approach for improved wind power production forecasting in Nova Scotia. For Scotia Weather Services Inc. 31 pages.
Adye K, Pearre N, Swan L (2017). Tidal energy characterization. For Black Rock Tidal Power. 20 slides.
Watson M, Swan L (2017). Evaluation of [redacted] telecom batteries with the [redacted] battery fuel gauge. For Dugo Inc. 42 pages.
Watson M, Swan L (2017). Battery charging algorithm and DCDC charger characterization. For Jaza Energy Inc. 20 slides.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2017). Cost optimization with electricity demand charges and variable electricity pricing for occupied periods. For Green Power Labs. 88 pages.
Fleming S, Swan L (2016). AGM lead-acid battery capacity recovery. For Solar Global Solutions. 24 slides.
Zhang S, Swan L (2016). Inverter performance analysis and pre-compliance testing of SI-2000-01 prototype device. For Satelligent. 21 pages.
Pearre N, Swan L (2016). Enabling electric vehicles: the need for central infrastructure planning. For Nova Scotia Power. 33 slides.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2016). Thermal comfort criteria and strategy. For Green Power Labs. 35 pages.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2016). DOE building MPC operation during the morning start-up. For Green Power Labs. 30 pages.
Swan L, Kavgic M, Hilliard T (2016). DOE building models and rule based control baseline simulation results. For Green Power Labs. 25 pages.
Kavgic M, Hilliard T, Swan L (2016). DOE building BRM verification during the morning startup. For Green Power Labs. 43 pages.
Pearre N, Swan L (2016). Autonomous RMU pod energy storage report. For ArtFX. 39 slides.
Pearre N, Swan L (2015). Liverpool wind energy storage project: a concept for instrumentation, commissioning, and testing. For Unify and Lightsail Energy. 61 slides.
Thompson J, Swan L, Pearre N (2015). Dalhousie building electricity demand limit predictions. For Dalhousie University. 11 pages.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2015). Building response model verification metric methodology. For Green Power Labs. 27 pages.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2015). Mona Campbell test building progress report. For Green Power Labs. 65 pages.
Kavgic M, Hilliard T, Swan L (2015). Creation of BRM training data: Method and quality assurance. For Green Power Labs. 80 pages.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2015). BRM verification for the Mona Campbell building. For Green Power Labs. 26 pages.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2015). Building description, energy usage, controls, input and output data for predictive modelling, and calibration results (Mona Campbell). For Green Power Labs. 42 pages.
Pearre N, Swan L (2015). Sodium nickel chloride battery Report 3: Battery experimental performance and final report. For Wind Energy Institute of Canada. 34 pages.
Pearre N, Swan L (2015). Sodium nickel chloride battery Report 2: Battery modeling and simulated performance. For Wind Energy Institute of Canada. 29 pages.
Pearre N, Swan L (2015). Sodium nickel chloride battery Report 1: Proposed electricity services. For Wind Energy Institute of Canada. 26 pages.
Kavgic M, Swan L (2015).Selection of prototypical commercial/institutional buildings and climate regions in North America for MPC. For Green Power Labs. 48 pages.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2015). Analysis of model predictive control results for the NSCC. For Green Power Labs. 81 pages.
Pearre N, Swan L (2014).Per turbine wind speed and direction forecast accuracy at Gulliver’s Cove wind field in Digby. For Scotia Weather Services. 24 pages.
Fleming S, Swan L (2014). Cycling performance of a Sun-Xtender PVX-1530T. For PoleCo. 56 pages.
Adye K, Pearre N, Swan L (2014). Solar City on-site assessment summary report: house characteristics and water savings. For Halifax Regional Municipality. 27 pages.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2014). Review of model predictive control strategies and services. For Green Power Labs. 37 pages.
Kavgic M, Swan L (2014). Review of North American climatic regions and commercial/institutional building categories. For Green Power Labs. 58 pages.
Hilliard T, Swan L (2014). Calibrated building performance model of the NSCC Harbourfront Wing. For Green Power Labs. 41 pages.
Pearre N, Swan L (2014).Electric vehicles for Digby: reducing imported fossil fuels and increasing renewable energy. For Municipality of the District of Digby. 85 pages.
Manchester S, Swan L (2014). Regenerative air energy storage for the [Redacted] wind-storage project. For LightSail Energy Canada. 50 pages.
Pearre N, Swan L (2014). Energy storage systems for residential load leveling. For Nova Scotia Power. 67 pages.
Deveau J, Swan L (2014). Performance of [redacted] flooded lead-acid batteries. For Surrette Battery. 17 pages.
Manchester S, Swan L (2013). Regenerative air energy storage for remote wind-diesel microgrid communities. For LightSail Energy Canada. 71 pages.
White C, Swan L (2013). Performance of Rolls 16CS15 flooded lead-acid batteries according to [Redacted]. For Surrette Battery. 21 pages.
Pearre N, Swan L (2013). Comparison of present commercial wind power forecast with measured data. For Scotia Weather Services. 29 pages.
Iormetti V, Swan L (2013). High resolution simulation of residential sector electricity consumption: Hamilton and St. Catharines. For Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). 23 pages.
White C, Swan L (2013). Temporal relationship of single wind turbine generation to electricity grid loads. For Colchester-Cumberland Wind Field. 20 pages.
Dheer R, Swan L (2013). Charge algorithm effects upon battery performance for a solar storage application. For Surrette Battery. 15 pages.
Barzegar B, Swan L (2013). Battery storage performance for an off-grid streetlighting application. For PoleCo. 19 pages.
Manchester S, Barzegar B, Swan L, Groulx D (2012). Energy storage requirements for in-stream tidal development on the Digby Neck. For Fundy Tidal Inc. 57 pages.
Sibbald J, Gough J, Swan L (2012). PV system to provide net-zero energy electric vehicle charging at Dalhousie University. For Office of Sustainability at Dalhousie University. 16 pages.
Manchester S, Swan L (2012). Energy Intensity of Joggins Fossil Institute. For WHW Architecture. 12 pages.
Leadbetter J, Swan L (2012). Cycling influence upon an electric boiler system performance. For Pictou County Plumbing and Heating. 14 pages.
Swan LG & Leadbetter JC (2010). Battery system for the Sable Island wind energy project. Public Works and Gov’t Services Canada, Contract No. E0225-110645/001/HAL. 21 pages.